一、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法

一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的常用的意義往往為高考考查的焦點(diǎn)，考生須準(zhǔn)確理解其含義并根據(jù)句子意思選擇正確的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

1.must和have to

兩者都表示“必須”的意思，但must含有說話人主觀上的看法、態(tài)度;have to則表示客觀上的需要。

【考例】--Must we finish giving out the posters today?

--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer. [太原市]

A. can B. may C. must

[答案]C。[解析] 此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法�；卮鹩蒻ust引起的一般疑問句，其肯定答語要用must，不能用can或may。故選C。

-I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.

--I agree. You __ play like that any more. [河南省]

A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. wouldn't

[答案]B。[解析] 此處選mustn't。表示“一定不能”“千萬不能”，用較強(qiáng)的語氣來提醒對(duì)方不能再玩游戲了。

When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait. [南京市]

A. may B. can C. must D. might.

[答案]C。[解析] 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，must必須，表示禁止。

一I really like playing computer games!

一I'm afraid you ________stop，for your study and your health. [07宜昌市]

A. am B. will C.may D.must

[答案]D。[解析] 答語意思為“為了你的學(xué)習(xí)和健康，恐怕你必須停止玩電腦游戲”，所以must最恰當(dāng)。

2.can和could

兩者都可用來表能力，意為“能夠，會(huì)”;可用來表示許可(常用在口語中)或表示懷疑、驚異、不相信等態(tài)度(常用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)。

【考例】--Could I borrow your dictionary?

--Of course you _______.[陜西省]

A. can B. must C. should D. will

[答案]A。[解析] 上文的could并不表示過去，而只是一種委婉的說法，所以答語用can更禮貌些。

--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?

--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris. [長沙市]

A. may not B. needn't C. can't

[答案]C。[解析] 因?yàn)闇�姆不在這里，所以不可能是他。

一Mary，__________you speak Chinese?

一Yes，only a little. [北京市]

A must B need C may D.can

[答案]D。[解析] 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，“瑪麗，你會(huì)說英語嗎?…“是的，會(huì)一點(diǎn)”。故選D。can表示能夠。

3.shall和should

shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句表示征求對(duì)方意：見;用于第二、三人稱肯定句或否定句表示說話人給予對(duì)方的“禁止、命令、警告、允諾或威脅等”。

should用來表示建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù)時(shí)，可譯為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，此時(shí)可用ought to替換;

可用來表示驚訝、憂慮、贊嘆等不滿情緒(用在疑問句中);還可用來委婉地陳述自己的意見。

【考例】Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports. [安徽省]

A. would B. might C. should D. could

[答案]C。[解析] 此處用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法。should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)…‘應(yīng)該”的含義比其他三個(gè)詞更強(qiáng)些。

4.had better和would rather

“had better+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好做……”，否定句式為had better not。“would rather+動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧可，寧愿”，否定句式為would rather not。

【考例】---Bob，may I __your MP4?

一Sure.But you'd better not _________it to others.[福州市]

A.lend;lend B. lend;borrow

C. borrow;borrow D.borrow;lend

[答案]D。[解析]本題考查動(dòng)詞borrow和lend的區(qū)別.borrow和lend是一組反義詞，都是“借”的意思，但相對(duì)句子主語來說，borrow意為“借人”;lend意為“借出”。由語境可判斷前者是借入，用borrow后者是借出，用lend。

--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?

--I would rather _______ at home than football. It's too hot outside. [南京]

A. stay; playing B. stay; play

C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing

[答案]：A。[解析]本題考查了would rather的固定短語的應(yīng)用。譯文為:薩姆，今天下午出去打球怎么樣?和踢足球相比，我寧愿呆在家里，外面太熱。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起來，寧愿做A。

5.used to

“used to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示“過去常常做某事”或表示過去的一種慣常狀態(tài)。

【考例】He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to at night. [蘭州]

A. read, read B. reading, read

C. read, reading D. reading, reading

[答案]：C。[解析]考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。Used 后接動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)，be used to 后接動(dòng)名詞。故選C。

6.need和dare

You ________do it if you really don't want to. [昆明市]

A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. couldn't

[答案]A。[解析] 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。本題應(yīng)由句意人手破解。如果你不想做的話，你“沒有必要”做它，所以正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

--May I do the rest of the work tomorrow?

--Yea, of course. You _______finish it today. [成都市]

A. must B. mustn't C. needn't

[答案]C。[解析]思路分析：根據(jù)句意可知，needn’t不必。

二、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的用法

1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來的推測用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”。

肯定的推測一般用must，should，may (might)或can(could)，其中，must的語氣最強(qiáng)。意為“肯定”、“準(zhǔn)是”、“想必是”;should的語氣次之，意為“很可能”、“應(yīng)該”，指按常理推測;may(migt)，can(could)的語氣最弱，意為“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“也許”、“可能”。

否定推測分為兩種情況：語氣不很肯定時(shí)，常用may/might/could not，意為“可能不”、“也許不”;否定語氣較強(qiáng)時(shí)，則用can't，意為“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。

【考例】You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. [廣東省]

A. can B. may C. must D. need

[答案]C。[解析] 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，can，may，need的區(qū)別。本題由題意人手，“你工作了八個(gè)小時(shí)沒有休息肯定很累。”情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must在此表示肯定的推測。

一Look at the boy running on the ground.Is it Davis?

——It ____be him.I saw him go to the teacher's office just now.[黃岡市]

A.must B. can't C.could D.might

[答案]B。[解析] 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。表推測時(shí)否定句中用can't。表示“不可能”，因?yàn)樗�已�?jīng)去了老師的辦公室。

【語法回顧】

1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征

1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。

2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。

3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。

4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。

常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外,have to、had better也當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面必須加動(dòng)詞的原形。

can 和be able to

1)can/could 表示能力;可能 (過去時(shí)用could), 只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。例如：

They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。

2)只用be able to的情況：

a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后。

b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。

c. 表示過去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。

d. 用于句首表示條件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：

He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

他在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)之前逃離歐洲。

注意：could有時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)

1)提出委婉的請求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。例如：

--- Could I have the television on? 我能看電視嗎?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。

2)在否定句、疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。例如：

He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。

may和might

1) 表示允許或請求;表示沒有把握的推測;may 放在句首，表示祝愿。例如：

May God bless you! 愿上帝保佑你!

He might be at home. 他可能在家。

注意：might 表示推測時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)，只是可能性比may 小。

2) 成語：may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。例如：

If that is the case, we may as well try.如果情況確實(shí)如此，我們不妨試一試。

have to和must

1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要，must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。例如：

My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)

He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)

2)have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。例如：

He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顧他姐姐。

3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：

You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。

You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把這件事告訴他。

must表示推測

1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。

2) must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí)，must 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be 的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。例如：

You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)

He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。

比較：He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那里。

He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。

3) must 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí)，must 要接完成式。例如：

I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.　我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。

4) must表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。例如：

---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 為何不接我的電話?

---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡覺，所以沒有聽見。

5) 否定推測用can't。例如：

If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.　如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。

表示推測的用法

can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：

1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來的情況的推測，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。例如：

I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 我不知道她在哪兒，可能在武漢。

2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。例如：

At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers. 這時(shí)，想必我們老師正在批改試卷。

should 和ought to

除了上述的用法，兩者還可表示"想必一定，按理應(yīng)該"的意思。例如：

I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水，想必也能維持了。

It ought to be ready now. 想必現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備好了吧。

They should be there by now, I think. 現(xiàn)在他們該到那兒了。

The poems should be out in a month at most. 詩集估計(jì)最多還有一個(gè)月就要出版了。

had better表示"最好"，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。例如：

It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相當(dāng)冷。你最好穿上我的外套。

She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那條狗。

would rather表示"寧愿"

would rather do

would rather not do

would rather… than…　 寧愿…而不愿。

還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。例如：

If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有選擇的余地，我寧可輟學(xué)離開這個(gè)學(xué)校。

I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我寧愿呆在這兒，而不愿回家。

will和would

注意：1)would like;would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。例如：

Would you like to go with me? 想和我一塊去嗎?

2)Will you…?　Would you like…? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時(shí)，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如：

Would you like some cake? 吃點(diǎn)蛋糕吧。

3)否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。

Won't you sit down? 你不坐下嗎?

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式

問句

肯定回答

否定回答

Need you…?

Yes, I must.

No, I needn't

Must you…?

No, I don't have to.

帶to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

帶to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to (=must), be able to，為六個(gè)。它們的疑問、否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：

Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? 他們必須在月底前付帳單嗎?

She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.在她十四歲前，她不會(huì)打網(wǎng)球。

You ought not to have told her all about it.你不應(yīng)該告訴他所有這件事。

Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?

ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，變疑問，否定時(shí)，須有do 等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。

need和dare

這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí), 后面的to 時(shí)�？梢员皇÷�。

1) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need(需要, 要求) need + n. / to do sth

2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。例如：

Need you go yet? 你要走了嗎?

Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急著走。

【語法過關(guān)】

1.— ______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?

— No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon.

A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must

2. —Could I go to the movie this weekend，Dad?

一Yes，you____.But you have to come back before nine.

A.shall B.must C.need D.can

3.You play with fire, Tom. It's dangerous.

A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. wouldn't

4.As we know, fish ___die out of water.

A. may B. is going to C. can D. will

5.— Shall I book some seats for the concert?

—_____________. I’ve already done that.

A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn’t

C. No, you needn’t D. I’d rather not

6.—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.

— No, she ________ be there. I've just seen her there.

A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. wouldn't

7.You ______ worry about him. He will get well soon.

A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. may not

8.Schools _____allow students at least one hour a day for sports.

A.would B.might C.should D.could

9.You ___ open the door before the train gets into the station.

A. don't have to B. mustn't

C. needn't D. may not

10.—I was told to be here before eight.

—Oh ,you . I’m sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.

A.must B.can’t C.may D.needn’t

11.—May I take this book out of the reading room?

— .Please read it here.

A.Certainly B.No, you needn’t C.No, you mustn’t

12.—Who’s that woman with Ann?

—I’m not sure. It be her mother

A.may B.can C.will D.must

13.—Must I get up early tomorrow?

—No, ________.

A. you mustn’t

B. I don’t think you have to

C. you can’t

D. you need

14.—The room is so dirty. ________ we clean it?

—Of course.

A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall

15. You look tired.You'd better ____a good sleep.

A.have B.having C.had D.to have

【參考答案】

1.答案D 解析：依據(jù)答語No, you needn’t 可以推斷出應(yīng)選D。

2.答案：D解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，could表示委婉語氣“可以，能”，相當(dāng)于can。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選D。

3.答案C 解析：表示“絕對(duì)禁止，不允許”的意思。

4.答案A解析：表可能性只能用may。

5答案C 解析：由I’ve already done that可知，沒必要做某事，應(yīng)用No，you needn't.不，你不必做某事了。

6.答案A 解析：在表推測的 否定句和疑問句中，此時(shí)要用can。

7.答案A 解析：needn't表示“ 不必，不用”;mustn't表示“ 禁止、不能”。依據(jù)題意：你不必?fù)?dān)心她，和很快就會(huì)恢復(fù)。

8.答案：C解析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：學(xué)校應(yīng)該允許學(xué)生一天至少運(yùn)動(dòng)一個(gè)小時(shí)。

9.答案B 解析：依據(jù)題意：在火車進(jìn)站之前，你絕不能打開車門。表示“絕對(duì)禁止”，故應(yīng)用B。

10.答案D 解析：依據(jù)題意：我被告知八點(diǎn)前到這兒。由后句對(duì)不起我沒有告訴你我們已經(jīng)改變計(jì)劃了�？芍�你沒必要。故選D。

11.答案 C 解析：依據(jù)題意：我可以把這書帶出閱覽室嗎?可知答語應(yīng)是No, you mustn’t故應(yīng)選C。

12.答案A 解析：由前句I’m not sure.可知， 表可能性只能用may。故選A。

13.答案B 解析： must用于一般疑問句時(shí),其否定答語要用needn't 或don't have to,不能用mustn't. mustn't 表示的是“不允許”或“不應(yīng)該”。故應(yīng)選B。

14.答案D 解析：依據(jù)題意：房間太臟了。我們打掃一下好嗎?用should來表示征求、詢問。故應(yīng)選D。

15.答案：A解析：had better后接動(dòng)詞原形，“最好做某事”，故選A。

       編輯推薦：

       2024年中考各科目重點(diǎn)知識(shí)匯總

 

　　 歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問中考網(wǎng)，2025中考一路陪伴同行！>>點(diǎn)擊查看