被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用情況

（1）當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語。

如：

“Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ”

懷特先生，這只茶杯是下課后被打碎的。

（2）突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。

如：

These records were made by John Denver.

這些報(bào)道是被約翰·丹佛做的。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)中謂語動(dòng)詞的基本構(gòu)成

be + done

被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am / is / are + done。

如：

①People grow rice in the south of the country.

→Riceis grownin the south of the country.

稻米在這個(gè)國(guó)家的南部被種植。

②The school doesn’t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

→Weare not allowedto enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

我們不被允許在沒有老師的情況下進(jìn)入化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

（2）一般過去時(shí)：was / were + done。

如：

①They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

→The building of a new car factorywas agreed onlast month.

建立一個(gè)新的汽車工廠在上個(gè)月被一致同意。

②The students didn’t forget their lessons easily.

→Their lessonswere not easily forgotten.

他們的功課沒有被輕易遺忘。

（3）一般將來時(shí)：will + be done。

如：

①They will send cars abroad by sea.

→Carswill be sentabroad by sea.

汽車通過海路被送到國(guó)外。

②She will take care of theses children.

→These childrenwill be takencare of by her.

那些孩子將由她照顧。

（4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have / has + been + done。

如：

①Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

→Ihave been toldthe sports meeting might be put off.

我已經(jīng)被告訴會(huì)議可能會(huì)被延遲。

②He has brought his book here.

→His bookhas been broughthere.

他的書被帶到了這里。

（5）含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ done。

如：

①You must hand in your compositions after class.

→Your compositionsmust be handed inafter class.

你的作文必須在下課之后被上交。

②He can write a great many letters with the computer.

→A great many letterscan be writtenwith the computer by him.

很多信能夠被他用計(jì)算機(jī)寫。

練一練

1. More chances to learn from each other ______ for students by working in groups.

A. provide B. will provide

C. was provided D. are provided

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：分析句意。通過小組合作，將會(huì)為學(xué)生們______更多互相學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。第②步：分析選項(xiàng)。provide一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);will provide一般將來時(shí);was provided一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);are provided一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第③步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。謂語動(dòng)詞“provide”與主語“More chances”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語為“More chances”，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選D。

2. Many people ______ that there would be a snowstorm next week.

A. tells B. told C.were told D. is told

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：分析句意。很多人______下周將有一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雪。第②步：分析選項(xiàng)。tells一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);told一般過去時(shí);were told一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);is told一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第③步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。謂語動(dòng)詞“tell”與主語“Many people”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)為過去將來時(shí)，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選C。

3. Food safety is very important. So some rules______to stop people from polluting food.

A. should make B. should be made

C.was made D. has been made

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：分析句意。食品安全非常重要。所以一些措施______來阻止人們污染食物。第②步：分析選項(xiàng)。should make一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);should be made含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài);was made一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);has been made現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第③步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。謂語動(dòng)詞“make”與主語“rules”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指“規(guī)則應(yīng)該被制定”，應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“should”。故選B。

4. I plan to build an unusual house. It ______ out of waste materials.

A. is built B. has built

C.will be built D. builds

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：分析句意。我計(jì)劃建造一個(gè)不同尋常的房子。它______由廢棄材料制成。第②步：分析選項(xiàng)。is built一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);has built現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);will be built一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);builds一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。第③步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。謂語動(dòng)詞“build”與主語“It”之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示還未發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故選C。

5. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, lots of trees______in the past three years.

A. are planted B. were planted

C. have been planted D. will be planted

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：分析句意。為了使我們的家鄉(xiāng)更漂亮，很多樹______在過去的三年里。第②步：分析選項(xiàng)。are planted一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);were planted一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);have been planted現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài);will be planted一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。第③步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。謂語動(dòng)詞“plant”與主語“trees”之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“in the past three years”可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選C。

6. Hurry up! Once the concert starts, nobody ______(allow) to enter the concert hall.

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：觀察語境，找到關(guān)鍵詞“Hurry up!”可首先判斷出本題的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);第②步：分析語境“nobody”與“allow”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is allowed。

7.

【點(diǎn)撥】第①步：觀察語境，找到關(guān)鍵詞“joined”，“expressed”可首先判斷出本題的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí);第②步：分析語境“competition”與“regard”之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was regarded。

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